Latin American Of The United States - 1426 Words

Online source, Diffen.com denotes that the term Hispanic is derived from the Latin word for Spain, while Latino is derived from Spanish word for Latin but which as an English word is probably a shortening of the Spanish word latinoamericano, which in English means Latin American. This term is used to denote the culture and people of countries formerly ruled by the Spanish Empire, usually with a majority of the population speaking the Spanish language (www.diffen.com). Commonly known as Hispanic America, this definition includes Mexico, the greater part of the Central and South American countries, and most of the Greater Antilles. The nations previously connected to the Spanish East Indies are sometimes freely incorporated in this definition, as their cultures have some Spanish or Latin American essentials. It was first adopted by the United States government during the Nixon administration and has been used in the U.S. Census since 1980 (WordIQ.com, 2015). The term Hispanic is to a great extent broadly and frequently used in states like Florida and Texas. Although both terms are used interchangeably, there is a difference between Hispanic and Latino. Hispanic is a term that originally referred to a relationship to ancient Hispania. Now it relates to the contemporary nation of Spain, its history, and culture. A citizen of Spain residing in the United States is a Hispanic. Latino refers more exclusively to persons or communities of Latin American origin. While there isShow MoreRelatedThe United States And Latin American Relations1377 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States has been a heavily involved in Latin American affairs for a long time, and there is great controversy surrounding how good of a neighbor we have been. As the â€Å"Colossus of the North†, this country holds enormous power. The question is; have we used our power for good or for evil? At times, we have been generous to Latin American countries. We returned the Pa nama Canal to the Panamanians and created free trade with Mexico through NAFTA. However, the negative impact we have had outweighsRead MoreWhat is the experience of a Latin American immigrant in the United States?1932 Words   |  8 PagesHave you ever wondered why Latin immigrants come to the U.S.? Do they have any experience with any jobs? Why is the population of Latin immigrants increasing? Many Latin immigrants have moved into the United States which means the Latin Americans population of the immigrant in the United States is increasing. â€Å"The Mexican-born population in the U.S., which had been growing earlier in the decade, was 11.5 million in early 2009† (Passel Cohn 2009) they have come from different countries, such asRead MoreWhat Effect Did The Good Neighbor Have On The Relations Between The United States And Latin American Countries From1116 Words   |  5 Pagesthe United States and Latin American countries from 1933 to 1939. After decades of American imp erialism in Latin American nations, Franklin Roosevelt wanted to reduce American influence and improve relations. Before this, the American government effectively controlled Latin America with a series of puppet dictatorships that supported American interests in the region. As a result, Anti American sentiment was becoming very intense and violent. The Good Neighbor policies improved inter American relationsRead MoreThe Policies Of The United States During The Period912 Words   |  4 PagesThe policies of the United States during the period 1898-1936 regarding latin america can be broadly covered in phases; the first phase: Big Stick Diplomacy 1898- 1909, the second phase known as Dollar Diplomacy from 1909- 1913, the third phase called missionary diplomacy from 1913- 1921 and finally the fourth phase known and the good neighbor policy 1933- 1936. These four policies had a great impact on not only the landscape of latin america but on the future of the United States in the region. StartingRead More Latin America Essay949 Words   |  4 PagesLatin America Distinguishing cultures from one another has become increasingly difficult as various societies continue to intertwine and share their aspects of popular life. Constant exposure to US and other world cultures has changed the cultures of Latin American countries somewhat, but much of society remains unchanged. Moving to the United States from Latin America alters life a great deal, and keeping touch with one’s original culture may sometimes seem unimportant or simply impossibleRead More US-Latin America Essay1400 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the United States was the most dominant power in the Western Hemisphere. European nations conceded to the United States their right of any intervention in the Western Hemisphere and allowed the United States to do whatever they wanted. The United States took this newly bestowed power and abused it. The United States intervened in many Latin American countries and imposed their policies on to these countries against their will. A perfect exampleRead MoreEssay The Good Neighbor Policy1074 Words   |  5 Pagesof non-intervention between the United States and Latin America. This was the United States’ attempt to regain trust and economic relations with Latin America. The Good Neighbor Policy had good intentions of no longer intervening with Latin American policies and governments. During the 1930’s, the Great Depression effected the U.S. and Latin American nations. After the stock market crash the U.S. went through an economic depression which would in turn affect Latin America. President Franklin D.Read MoreUS Foreign Policy During the 20th Century797 Words   |  4 PagesOver the course of the history of the United States, specific foreign policies have affected the methods in which the U.S. involves itself around the globe. Specifically, certain policies have affected U.S. involvement in Latin America. It is the intention of this essay to explain the United States foreign policy behind specific doctrines. In order to realize current objectives, this paper will proceed as follows: Part 1 will define the Monroe Doctrine, Sections 2, 3, 4, and 5 will concurrentlyRead More Training Ground For Murderers Essay1749 Words   |  7 Pagesofficers responsible for the massacre were American trained guerillas and attendees of a Latin American military school located in Fort Benning, Georgia; the School of the Americas (Barber 144). Since its creation in 1946, the American government has provided extensive training for over 58,000 soldiers from seventeen different Latin American and Caribbean nations (Brophy 1; â€Å"School of the Americas† 3-4). Principally, the school was created to support Latin American militaries in their attempt to establishRead MoreThe United States And Latin America1362 Words   |  6 PagesWhen looking at the history between the United States and Latin America , you see many interactions between them, all that aided the relationship that they have today. Despite that the United States and Latin America are in the same part of the world, the beliefs in which they govern may differ. This difference has often been seen playing a major role in the disputes that have occurred in past. The United States and Latin America have faced many social, economical and governing barriers in forming

compacing Facing it and Dulce et Decorum Essay - 1482 Words

â€Å"Facing it† by Yusef Komunyakaa and â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† by Wilfred Owen, are two powerful poems with the graphical life like images on the reality of war. It is apparent that the authors was a soldier who experienced some of the most gruesome images of World War I. In â€Å"Ducle et Decorum Est† Owen tells us about a personal experience in which he survived a chemical warfare attack. Although he survives, some of his fellow troops do not. As in â€Å"Facing It† Komunyakaa is also a soldier who has survived a war. Komunyakaa response to his war experience is deeply shaped by his visit to Lin’s memorial. Inspired by the monument, Komunyakaa confronts his conflicted feelings about Vietnam, its legacy, and even more broadly, the part race plays in†¦show more content†¦He struggles to internalize his emotions, telling himself he is stone, like the granite memorial, a strong and steady reminder of the past, but he fails as he realize s the difference between him and the memorial: he is a living human being. He shares the darkness, the blackness, with the granite memorial, yet he can feel the full impact of this connection whereas a granite memorial cannot itself feel the pain that it directly represents. The overall moral of the poems is fairly up front for the reader. It is that war is not how stories make it sound, it is not honorable and fun and glorious, it is gruesome, deadly, and changes the lives of many young men and women who still had a lot of life and innocence left in front of them, and now all they will have are the memories of death and their friends dying in front of them. As Komuyakaa face becomes clear it now serves as a direct reminder of the emotional impact of his surroundings upon him, through mirroring his own face and also by simultaneously illuminating his surroundings and his silhouetted existence within these surroundings, reminding him that he stands within the Vietnam Memorial. This e ffect is described within the (lines 8-13) His constant turning and moving from angle to angle also suggests emotion as he cannot view the

A Molybdenum Disulfide Piezoelectric Strain Gauge in Nanotechnology

Question: Explain the construction and operation of the eight transducers/sensors . Include a diagram for each, and explain how the measurement is converted into an electrical signal? Answer: Strain Gauge A strain gauge consists of all the flexible insulation which back-up to support the pattern of metallic foil. There has been a gauge which is attached to all the objects with a proper adhesive like cyanoacrylate. With deformation, the foil is completely deformed, which cause the resistance to change completely. The measure is done with the Wheatstone bridge, relating to the strains by a certain quantity which is said to be the gauging factor. Piezoelectric It has been working on the piezoelectric effect which can easily work on measuring the pressure change, acceleration, temperature, force, and strain by properly converting them into a charge of electricity. These are under the operational modes namely: Transverse Longitudinal Shear. Capacitive All the transducer of the capacitor with two parallel plates of metal have been separated with air and so they are said to be the dielectric material. In this, there is a capacitor which sets the distance between the plates, fixes, with a variable capacitance, variable between the two plates. Ultrasonic Active ultrasonic sensors are successful in generating a very high frequency for the sound waves which is evaluated by the echo and comes back by the sensors to measure the interval of time in the sending and the signal receiving time. The echo has been determined by the distance of the objects. All the ultrasonic passive sensors are completely based on the microphones which can easily detect the noise of the ultrasonic waves under the conditions to convert into electrical and report it to the computer system. Vortex The vortices has been completely detached from all the bluff body edges and have been forming into a fluid stream pattern. There have been distances set under the single vortices which is seen to be constant. All the changes in the frequency is depending upon the flow to pass a sensor which depends on the flowing rate as well the proportional flow. There has been a detection of sensor which can be easily converted into the frequency signal of electrical range. Coriolis Coriolis mass flowmeters have been able to properly measure the different forces which are set under the acceleration caused to handle the moving of mass towards or away from the center of rotation. All the amounts have been set under the twists which are said to be proportional to the flowing mass rate with the fluid passing through the tubes. There are sensors and a mass of Cariolis mass flowmeter which can easily transmit with the twists and the flow of signals. Resistance The resistances measures the temperature, which correlated to the elements of RTD along with temperature. There have been certain pure material, platinum, nickel and copper which has a complete change on temperature with the resistance. This is a predicted change for determining the temperature. Thermocouple It consists of different conductors which have been formed under the junctions of electrical form for different temperature. A thermocouple is able to product the temperature which is dependent on the voltage which is set under the thermoelectric effect to properly measure the temperature change. Strain Gauge It is used in the measurement of the building, foundation and development of structures. The different two halves are rigidly attaches with the foundation wall on the two sides and have been set under the red reference lines which consists of the transparent half and the other is the opaque white half. These have been able to set on the vertical and the horizontal movements for monitoring. Piezoelectric In this, these have been used to properly monitor the combustion and the development of the internal combustion engine. There have been sensors which attach to the mounts to additional handle the holes into head of cylinder and work towards the glowing plug, which is properly equipped with a miniature piezoelectric sensor, built inside. Capacitive Capacitive displacement sensors are used in the measurement of the object positioning to handle the nanometre level. There are precise positioning to conduct the semiconductor industry where there are wafers of silicon positioned under exposure. Ultrasonic Ultrasonic sensors have been used for the car parking to complete aid from reversing the cars. These are being tested under the different usages which includes the people detection of the ultrasonic along with assistance with the autonomous UAV navigation. Vortex In automotive applications, a complete change in the density of air works on changing temperature, altitude and the induction which is forced to handle the flow of mass which are appropriate for the flow sensors. It is important for properly determining the intake air for every cylinder. Coriolis The industries have been set under the higher to lower level sunder the chemical, food and beverage system. The mining and metals with the supply of the water and wastewater are worked under with proper quantity. Resistance Applications for the RTDs include There has been air conditioning and the service refrigeration The processing of food Grilling and stoves. Production of textile and processing plastics. Thermocouple Thermocouples have been properly used in the development of science and industry under the applications which measure the kilns, turbine gas exhaust with the diesel engines and processing the industrial changes. The signal conditioning has been based on the manipulation of the analog signal which are easily able to measure the requirement for processing. The conditioning is based on amplifications, filtering and properly converting the matching range with isolation and other processes. The conditioning, utilized under the data acquisition sets the data signals which could be normalized and work on the levels of filtering for converting from analog-to-digital flow of computerized devices. The entire transmission medium is based on the classification of: Linear medium, which is completely different under the waves with the medium that can be completely superposed. Bounded medium, works on finitely handling the unbounded medium; Uniform medium or homogeneous medium, is important for setting the physical properties with the unchanging points. Isotropic medium, with the physical properties difference at different direction. References: Hurst, A. M., Chenet, D., van der Zande, A., Kymissis, I., Hone, J. (2015, July). A molybdenum disulfide piezoelectric strain gauge. InNanotechnology (IEEE-NANO), 2015 IEEE 15th International Conference on(pp. 1122-1125). IEEE. Jain, R., Rathore, J. K., Gorana, V. K. (2016). Design, Development and Testing of a Three Component Lathe Tool Dynamometer Using Resistance Strain Gauges. InCAD/CAM, Robotics and Factories of the Future(pp. 13-21). Springer India. Islam, M. N., Seethaler, R., Alam, M. S. (2015). Characterization of piezoelectric materials for simultaneous strain and temperature sensing for ultra-low frequency applications.Smart Materials and Structures,24(8), 085019. Merrell, A. J., Fullwood, D. T., Bowden, A. E., Remington, T. D. (2015).U.S. Patent No. 8,984,954. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Lyme Disease Essays (1204 words) - Medicine, Clinical Medicine, RTT

Lyme Disease Lyme Disease Lyme Arthritis ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Lyme disease is a tick-transmitted inflammatory disorder characterized by an early focal skin lesion, and subsequently a growing red area on the skin (erythema chronicum migrans or ECM). The disorder may be followed weeks later by neurological, heart or joint abnormalities. Symptomatology ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The first symptom of Lyme disease is a skin lesion. Known as erythema chronicum migrans, or ECM, this usually begins as a red discoloration (macule) or as an elevated round spot (papule). The skin lesion usually appears on an extremity or on the trunk, especially the thigh, buttock or the under arm. This spot expands, often with central clearing, to a diameter as large as 50 cm (c. 12 in.). Approximately 25% of patients with Lyme disease report having been bitten at that site by a tiny tick 3 to 32 days before onset of ECM. The lesion may be warm to touch. Soon after onset nearly half the patients develop multiple smaller lesions without hardened centers. ECM generally lasts for a few weeks. Other types of lesions may subsequently appear during resolution. Former skin lesions may reappear faintly, sometimes before recurrent attacks of arthritis. Lesions of the mucous membranes do not occur in Lyme disease. The most common symptoms accompanying ECM, or preceding it by a few days, may include malaise, fatigue, chills, fever, headache and stiff neck. Less commonly, backache, muscle aches (myalgias), nausea, vomiting, sore throat, swollen lymph glands, and an enlarged spleen may also be present. Most symptoms are characteristically intermittent and changing, but malaise and fatigue may linger for weeks. Arthritis is present in about half of the patients with ECM, occurring within weeks to months following onset and lasting as long as 2 years. Early in the illness, migratory inflammation of many joints (polyarthritis) without joint swelling may occur. Later, longer attacks of swelling and pain in several large joints, especially the knees, typically recur for several years. The knees commonly are much more swollen than painful; they are often hot, but rarely red. Baker's cysts (a cyst in the knee) may form and rupture. Those symptoms accompanying ECM, especially malaise, fatigue and low-grade fever, may also precede or accompany recurrent attacks of arthritis. About 10% of patients develop chronic knee involvement (i.e. unremittent for 6 months or longer). Neurological abnormalities may develop in about 15% of patients with Lyme disease within weeks to months following onset of ECM, often before arthritis occurs. These abnormalities commonly last for months, and usually resolve completely. They include: 1. lymphocytic meningitis or meningoencephalitis 2. jerky involuntary movements (chorea) 3. failure of muscle coordination due to dysfunction of the cerebellum (cerebellar ataxia) 4. cranial neuritis including Bell's palsy (a form of facial paralysis) 5. motor and sensory radiculo-neuritis (symmetric weakness, pain, strange sensations in the extremities, usually occurring first in the legs) 6. injury to single nerves causing diminished nerve response (mononeuritis multiplex) 7. inflammation of the spinal cord (myelitis). Abnormalities in the heart muscle (myocardium) occur in approximately 8% of patients with Lyme disease within weeks of ECM. They may include fluctuating degrees of atrioventricular block and, less commonly, inflammation of the heart sack and heart muscle (myopericarditis) with reduced blood volume ejected from the left ventricle and an enlarged heart (cardiomegaly). When Lyme Disease is contracted during pregnancy, the fetus may or may not be adversely affected, or may contract congenital Lyme Disease. In a study of nineteen pregnant women with Lyme Disease, fourteen had normal pregnancies and normal babies. If Lyme Disease is contracted during pregnancy, possible fetal abnormalities and premature birth can occur. Etiology ~~~~~~~~ Lyme disease is caused by a spirochete bacterium (Borrelia Burgdorferi) transmitted by a small tick called Ixodes dammini. The spirochete is probably injected into the victim's skin or bloodstream at the time of the insect bite. After an incubation period of 3 to 32 days, the organism migrates outward in the skin, is spread through the lymphatic system or is disseminated by the blood to different body organs or other skin sites. Lyme Disease was first described in 1909 in European medical journals. The first outbreak in the United States occurred in the early 1970's in Old lyme, Connecticut. An unusually high incidence of juvenile arthritis in the area led scientists to investigate and identify the disorder. In 1981, Dr. Willy Burgdorfer identified the bacterial spirochete organism (Borrelia Burgdorferi) which causes this disorder. Affected Population ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Lyme Disease occurs in wooded areas with populations of mice and deer which carry ticks, and can be contracted during any season of the year. Related Disorders ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Rheumatoid Arthritis is a disorder similar in appearance to

The whole towns sleeping The Red Room comparison Essays

The whole towns sleeping The Red Room comparison Essays The whole towns sleeping The Red Room comparison Essay The whole towns sleeping The Red Room comparison Essay Essay Topic: Literature At the beginning of The whole towns sleeping, you are introduced to a very peaceful, tranquil, average American town. It is as though nothing out of the ordinary has ever really happened here. It was a warm summer night in the middle of Illinois country. Whereas in The Red Room, the opening is set in an old dismal castle with three odd contradicting servants. This story instantly starts off creepy while in the whole towns sleeping, it doesnt. The old woman sat staring hard into the fire, her pale eyes wide open. The whole towns sleeping is set in an average town in 1950s USA. It is set mainly outdoors with some indoor sections. The Red Room is set in a dank old castle in 19th century England. There are no real similarities in setting. The theme of both stories is straight and simply fear. The authors of the stories wanted to frighten you either by death or ghosts but with the same effect. The two stories are similar in the fact that they build up to a climax, and then end rapidly. The main character in the whole towns sleeping is called Lavinia. She seems fearless, but this is not always the case, as she can become frightened. However, most of the time she would try to hide her fear, or just say something, which makes her look brave. Bosh! She was saying this when her gullible friend was talking about the lonely one, trying to sound fearless, but I expect that she was probably dubious, and she just didnt want to show it. In the Red room, the main character is a 28-year-old man who is very sceptical about many things. Eight-and-twenty years I have lived and never a ghost have I seen as yet. His name is never given, and I feel that this is just to make the story more frightening. If his name is given, it becomes more personal and therefore friendly, which is not frightening. This character doesnt believe in the unnatural, or many things like that. He believes that if he can touch it, it is real. He is also a bit arrogant and fearless much alike to Lavinia in the whole towns sleeping. I do not like either character much as they are both egotistical and this is not a very friendly feature. I feel that they should both be more open-minded. But then the stories would be less scary if the characters were instantly scary. I do not like people who have this characteristic, so I do not like the characters. However, I find them both very realistic, which shows the talents of the authors off well. HG Wells language is quite old fashioned. I.e., he says, eight-and-twenty, rather than twenty-eight as we would say nowadays. He uses very vivid description, which sometimes becomes so much as to sway you away from what is actually happening in the main story line. There are little similes and metaphors in this story. He uses some direct speech at the very beginning and at the very end, but hardly during the main story section in the middle. It is more: I saw this, I touch this and so on. It is told in the first person and this is better so you can see exactly what he is seeing and thinking in an easier and clearer way. Ray Bradburys style is completely different to HG Wells in the fact that it is up to date language and also in the American style. There are quite a lot of similes and metaphors such as Cool as mint ice cream And quite a lot of personification such as: fans whispered. heat was breathing. There is a lot of direct speech which I personally prefer as I find it easier to follow. This story is in the third person and I find that this one is better in third as you can see exactly what they are thinking rather than what one person thinks they are thinking. HG Wells creates suspense by having the candles blow out a lot in the Red Room. The suspense is not particularly good as you are unaware of what will happen if he does get entrapped in the darkness, but then this makes you wonder about what will happen more so. It begins when 1 candle innocently blows out. It ends when the man knocks himself out. Ray Bradbury created suspense by having a long section when Lavinia feels that she is being followed. In this part, Lavinia is counting which adds greatly to the suspense. You are saying to yourself, shes only got 12 to go, 11, 10 and you get immersed into the story. I feel that this suspense section was much more successful than that of the Red Room. In the Red Room, the ending is far too abrupt and there is now imagination. You are told what had happened rather than wondering what will happen. There is almost no imagination here. It would have probably been better to end off with the man fainting and not have the explanation paragraph. In the whole towns sleeping however, the ending is much better, just when you think that all is well and safe, I turns out that is isnt and you are left wondering what will happen to her. (Which is almost certainly death!) I much preferred the whole towns sleeping because of its more modern language; better characters that are easier to relate to; the use of more similes, metaphors and personification; more direct speech; the more exciting suspense section; and the unexpected twist at the end. I fell that the whole image of fear was more greatly achieved in the whole towns sleeping because of the fact that the women all know what are they are to be scared of. And the fact that it was set in a small, innocent town to which you wouldnt think there would be anything like this happening is also more exciting.

THE AUDIENCE YOU LOVE

THE AUDIENCE YOU LOVE Promotion, my current nemesis, is a hungry, all-consuming animal, demanding every waking moment of your life. As a result of its commanding character, we often tend to turn reactive, appearing before anyone wholl let us pitch a table and flash our book. But soon youll be running harem-scarem, marketing like a snake-oil salesman, telling everyone your book will change their world. You dont want to go there. What an education Ive gained since Lowcountry Bribe came in early February. Ive spoken to a room of three and others of a hundred. Ive guest blogged on tiny sites and nationally known. My articles appeared in start-up magazines and the infamous The Writer Magazine. People have promised to buy and not followed through. Others bought several copies for gifts. Bookstore owners have loved me and tossed me on my ear. Even Barnes Noble said the book was available then forgot to order it. The list goes on. My husband ordered me to stop and slow down a week ago. My publisher shot me an email full of harsh realities of the business as who to trust and who isnt worth my time. Then I spoke to a small group in Greenville, SC. Then again in Pittsboro, NC. My 10th grade English teacher invited me to her book club for June, and another lovely lady is trying to schedule her book club to read Lowcountry Bribe and invite me to Myrtle Beach. My parents sold at least 50 copies to tax clients. A girlfriend lined up a newspaper interview, a reading and sales to several friends. Another friend hosted a party and sold 20 books. Here I was, running around like a chicken with its head cut off (not any of MY chickens, BTW), when I should have slowed down and really focused on who I want to reach and how to reach them. So . . . while Ill continue to do conferences here and there, becauseFundsforWriters commands it, I think Ill enjoy the camaraderie of smaller groups for Carolina Slades mystery series. I want people to chat about Slade, the characters, the setting and the twists of the plot. I want feedback on what they loved and would like to see done differently. I think reachable is the term Im seeking. A FundsforWriters reader told me last week that she liked the fact I was reachable. Id like to take that further and say likeable and personable. I attended a conference this year where the highly awarded guest author came and went with the wind, not staying for any of the event other than her talk and a brief moment when she said, Thank you. Ill now entertain questions. Since I get to know most of the conference organizers, I already knew the author was not happy to be there because she liked larger audiences. Dont ever let that be me. I just came off several small group events on the way to The Oklahoma Writers Federation Conference in Oklahoma City, where I am as you are reading this. A well organized event like this is a joy to behold, but I have to admit . . . I love the evening sessions or the small groups in the bar the most. When we are all writers and just enjoying the fact we are.

Management in context Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management in context - Assignment Example According to the authors of this article, in order to avoid the negative connotation that have become associated with the title ‘manager,’ they have resorted to titles like professional, entrepreneur or project leader. The author not only expresses strong feelings about the behavior of managers but also condemns it, thereby calling for changes to be made on the responsibilities that go with this title. The way every context that the authors looks at the title is simple spellbinding, which therefore calls for serious research and analysis on management as a discipline in order to correct the situation (Brocklehurst, Grey and Sturdy, 2010). Surprises in JA2 Academicians and intellectuals in our business school are increasingly joining the chorus of castigating and condemning management practices which is a complete departure from the initial support that they exhibited on the management practice as we know it today. This article explores managers’ obsession with the so-called intellectual slavery with roots in explicit ideas that senior personnel in organization acquired in their respective business schools. According to the authors, the MBA has become a means of acquiring appropriate ways of management to gain self confidence for legitimate social privileges in senior management (Sturdy, Brocklehurst, Winstanley, et al, 2006). They are taught that managers cannot be trusted hence should maximize shareholder’ wealth in order to reconcile their interest and that of their employers (shareholder) as a way of overcoming the agency problems. This is particularly evident in cases where opportunities for application of management practices in organization are viewed as inappropriate within organizations. Therefore, tight monitoring should be an appropriate strategy of preventing people from pursuing opportunistic behavior at the expense of practices that are of the common good to the organization. It is in the context of this disparity that a regulatory framework should be devised as a mean of safeguarding the interests of the suppliers, customers, employees and most importantly, shareholder. The article however, points out the need to explore academic knowledge beyond that of transforming ideas of the discursive content to identify towards ideas associated with effective work .I suggest business school should provide moral theories inspired to free them from immoral responsibility by ensuring centrally based education in the organization. The evidence In both articles, authors defend their work by use of books, journals, web pages and research and study institution. According to Sturdy, Brocklehurst, Winstanley, et al (2006), there is more concern on the de-legitimization of a company as institutions and management as a profession. This will be brought about partly by the acceptance of these thoughts when ignored as vital elements of management. Several scholars have recently voiced their concern about the current state of management research and pedagogy. While training people on organization design focusing on transaction cost economics, it is imperative for trainers to ensure that there is firm monitoring as well as control of people so as to curb opportunistic behavior (Brocklehurst, Grey & Sturdy, 2010). Comparison The term management generally refers to

Strategic HR Approach Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Strategic HR Approach - Research Paper Example I will discuss some of the solutions that I use to settle down issues within my management enterprise. It will also address some issues in employee safety and benefits. As the head of human resources; I have to evaluate the available resources in relation to the personnel required. Environmental analysis, evaluation, and formulation are also necessary for effective performance (Armstrong & Baron, 2002: 70). 1) Health and security of workers At one time, an employee had cancer and had to be hospitalized for two months, which consumed all her finances and left her with hospital bills to clear. As the head of human resource, I had to issue a statement to the finance department for them to release the finances. This was going to be dependent on the nature of output that she gave the enterprise. Since her performance was an asset to the organization, she got the cash. The rewards comparison to effort determines the eligibility of the workers to the institution. Such individuals, who help the organization towards achieving its goal, the enterprise have the obligation to maintain them and integrate them into the institution (Sharma, 2009: 98). Before employing workers, they sign an employment contract that entitles them to interests and other flexibility offers. Such benefits help cater for the employee needs. The government has also come up with enactments to ensure that workers get friendly working terms (Armstrong, 2008: 154). As the human resource director, I have the obligation to recruit new staff to the enterprise, and hence there are considerations to make including academic competence and readiness to work in a competitive environment before taking in new staff. 2) Effective relations between workers and supervisors Strategic management helps the institution realize its objective by ensuring proper maintenance of the workers. A change with the supervisors seemed necessary. Nevertheless, on changing the supervisor, more accidents were reported and the supervis or complained that the workers output was considerably low. As the head of personnel, I had to find a solution to help us regain our output and to motivate our workers on their performance. The supervisor lacked the skills to motivate the workers to improve their performance, and he should have noted that the people working were older which affected their performance. Leaders should not exert unnecessary pressure causing confusions and disrupting workers (Armstrong, 2008: 147). For effective management, an individual needs to be keen, committed with excellent problem solving skills and well equipped with the knowledge to help in understanding personal responsibilities clearly. I had to instruct the supervisor on how to handle our staff to avoid further accidents, which were due to tension among the workers. By training, giving orders, and detailing in a manner of performance helped the organization retain back to its production quantities that the supervisor improved with time after learning how to handle the personnel. It was impossible to lose all the experienced workers in the enterprise and hence the only strategy was to resolve on how to maintain both (Armstrong & Armstrong, 2011: 310). 3) Equality Punctuality in the job is quite noteworthy, and all personnel are subject to the rules irrespective of their positions or relations in the enterprise

Marketing is more than selling and promotion Essay Example for Free

Marketing is more than selling and promotion Essay The primary concern or objective of marketing is to identify and satisfy, or exceed the changing needs of customers. In view of this broad concern of marketing, it can be seen that the concept of marketing summarizes many activities in a business. Marketing, in fact, refers to any activity undertaken by a firm that has been designed to plan, price, promote and distribute ideas, goods and services to target markets. These marketing activities were executed in order to create an exchange and sales that will result in the achievement of the proprietors individual goals and the firms goals, both in the short-term and the long-term. It is then obvious that marketing forms an integral component of any businesss operations. In particular marketing activities attempt to increase a firms revenue base, by showing the importance of attracting potential customers in target markets to purchase the firms products in order to satisfy their wants, rather than those of firms competitors. Consequently, the marketing directly contributes to the attainment of the financial goals of the firm. Hence, the success of a firm is reliant upon the extent to which it is able to identify, and satisfy the customers needs more effectively. Marketing as an activity that involves several features, all of which are presented during the course of the marketing process. Such features include, firstly and most importantly, that marketing is a long process that begins with the creation of an idea and ends up as product that will be sold to satisfy a customers needs. Secondly, marketing is seen as a managerial process as it involves making managerial decisions about the particular mix of product, price, place and promotion in a firm. Furthermore, marketing involves managers planning and ensuring that particular arranged activities are carried out, in order for the marketing plan to be successful. Finally, marketing is perceived as a way in which firms are able to satisfy the needs of customers, and in turn achieve their own business goals. Marketing provides the business with the ability to satisfy the changing wants of customers. In light of this, and the fact that businesses have  become increasingly aware of the role that marketing plays in achieving success in the business, several approaches or philosophies to marketing have developed. There are different approaches to marketing, to help to define marketing and to show, how a specific marketing approach/s depends upon particular businesss marketing strategy and the type of product being marketed. Starting with a Marketing Concept, which believes that a customers need for satisfaction, is the economic and social reason for an organisations existence. This approach requires, that all of the businesss activities should be targeted towards meeting consumer wants, while at the same time meeting the organisations goals. In effect, this approach needs the firm to find out what the customer wants, and subsequently develops a product to meet these requirements and then sell it at a profit. Then the Production Concept should be considered. This approach states that the business will sell its product if it is both well made and affordable. Businesses utilising this method require management to focus on improving production techniques and cost structures of the business The Product Concept focuses on the quality, features, and performance of the product. Believing that if the product has more features or is of a better quality and performance compared to competitors, it will then gain greater sales it is defiantly less customer orientated. The Selling Concept concentrates on developing sales techniques and promotional activities in order to entice customers into buying an organisations product, whether they want it or not. Therefore this approach places direct emphasis on customers, but possibly not on their want-satisfaction. After all the Societal Marketing Concept which is the latest marketing approach, combines the main ideas of the marketing approach, that is, determining customer needs and satisfying the businesss goals, but also integrates social responsibility into the business. This social responsibility includes increasing environmental awareness, which may include tackling the problems of pollution and the exploitation of  non-renewable resources. Modern day businesses are under pressure to adopt this marketing approach, in order to become more socially responsible. This approach not only focuses on fulfilling the customers want-satisfaction, but also satisfying society. These four approaches in particular show, that marketing is more than promoting and selling a product. They could be compared with the four P?s (product, place, promotion and price), which are normally used to describe the process of marketing. But the concepts of marketing, production, product, selling and society marketing give another view into the difficult and never ending process of marketing.

Loss of Innocence in Frankenstein :: Frankenstein essays

Loss of Innocence in Frankenstein In the novel "Frankenstein," Victor Frankenstein is the creator of a "monster." Because of his thirst for knowledge, he goes too far and creates a huge monster, which he immediately rejects. This rejection plays a major part in the monster's hatred for humans. The author, Mary Shelley, supports the theme, loss of innocence, through plot, setting and characterization. This paper will explain the many ways that the characters lost their innocence throughout the novel. The plot deals with the conflict that is inside Victor Frankenstein, who produces a monstrous creature. Victor is disgusted at the site of the creature he has created. "I had gazed on him while unfinished; he was ugly then, but when those muscles and joints were rendered capable of motion, it became a thing such as even Dante could not have conceived"(43). After Victor rejects the monster, he meets a family that brings out his sensitive side. When these people reject him, the creature destroys everything in sight. "I was like a wild beast that had broken the toils, destroying the objects that obstructed me and ranging through the wood with a staglike swiftness"(121). The innocent Justine is accused of a murder, committed by the creature, and dies, therefore increasing Victor's feelings of guilt and his need for revenge. Victor makes it his mission to destroy the monster, who has been ruining his life. The monster threatens to be there with Victor on his wedding night. Vic tor interprets this as a threat against his own life, but instead finds his wife, Elizabeth, murdered. "She was there, lifeless and inanimate, thrown across the bed, her head hanging down and her pale and distorted features half covered by her hair"(179). The next paragraph discusses how loss of innocence was portrayed through setting. When Victor is seventeen, he leaves for the University of Ingolstadt, where he spends six years. He creates the monster in an old deserted house in this city. It is when he rejects the monster that he begins to lose innocence. "I did not dare return to the apartment which I inhabited, but felt impelled to hurry on, although drenched by the rain which poured from a black and comfortless sky"(44).

Prevention of Colon Cancer through Proper Nutrition Essay

Incidence   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Colon cancer is the third most often diagnosed cancer and is the second primary cause of cancer deaths in North America. The incidence is approximately 650,000 cases every year worldwide and has been increasing in the past few years. However, the mortality rate has decreased in 2002; the worldwide incidence was 278,000 male and 251,000 female cases every year (Landis, Murray, Bolden, & Wingo, 1999). In people 65 years or older, the incidence rate of colon cancer is 70% (Parkin, Whelan, Ferlay, Raymond, & Young, 1997). In people not more than 65 years old, the incidence is about 120 new cases for every 100,000 inhabitants every year; in people aged 55-75, the incidence of colon cancer is approximately 200 for every 100,000 inhabitants every year   (Jemal et al., 2004)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The lifetime risk of colorectal cancer in the general population is 2.5% to 5%, which means that 25-50 out of 100 people will get colon cancer in their lifetimes (Adrouny, 2002). This risk is increased two- or threefold if there is a first-degree relative who has had an adenomatous polyp or cancer. Mortality is about 90 for every 100,000 inhabitants per year (Jemal et al., 2004). The male-to-female ratio varies from 1.0 to 1.4 depending on the tumor registry that is reporting the data (Adrouny, 2002). The risk of colon cancer increases with age. The majority of cases occur in people over the age of sixty. In people between the ages of forty and fifty years the incidence of colon cancer is 15 new cases per 100,000 persons (Adrouny, 2002). Modifiable Risk Factors   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While many mechanisms remain ambiguous, many studies have indicated that a number of lifestyle and dietary factors are likely to have significant consequences on the risk of colon cancer. Smoking early in life, probably in combination with a diet that has no or low in some micronutrients like methinine and folate, is likely to increase the risk of colon cancer. Other environmental exposures, such as smoking, are also likely to be involved in causing colon cancer. Moreover, overeating, weight gain in adulthood, and obesity are strongly implicated as risk factors for colon cancer. Not only are obesity and weight gain associated with the presence of adenomatous polyps, but so is weight variability over a period (Adrouny, 2002). Physical inactivity or sedentary occupation is also a major risk factor for colon cancer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to Giovannucci (2002), processed meats, red meat, and possibly refined carbohydrates may increase colon cancer risks. Also, more recent evidence show that chronic hyperinsulinemia is likely to have an influence on colon cancer risks. As insulin resistance and subsequent hyperinsulinemia is induced by excess energy intake and some characteristics of the Western diet, such as refined carbohydrates and saturated fats, insulin may contribute to colon cancer (Giovannucci, 2002). In addition, agents with chemopreventive properties like postmenopausal estrogens and aspirin are likely to have unpleasant effects, thus making general recommendations require a cautious consideration of the risk-benefit ratio. Non-Modifiable Risk Factors   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although the genetic and biochemical mechanisms of colon cancer may still be incompletely understood, it is acknowledged that the anatomic precursor of colon cancer is the adenomatous polyp. Basically, adenoma is a benign growth from a glandular tissue; a polyp is a growth protruding from a mucous membrane. People who have adenomatous polyps in the colon are at increased risk of developing cancer. One major non-modifiable risk factor is the familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Here, an affected individual develops hundreds or thousands of polyps by his or her teen years, any one of which may develop into a cancer. Preventive action, usually consisting of repeated examination or removal of the colon, is necessary, along with careful screening of family members for this disorder. The Gardner syndrome is probably a variant of FAP; it occurs about half as frequently and has similar clinical features. It may affect the small intestine as well as the colon.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Oldfield and Turcot syndromes might be related to FAP. While the former is associated with sebaceous cysts, the latter is associated with tumors of the central nervous system and may be transmitted by an autosomal recessive gene. Another risk factor for colon cancer is hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). Although these forms of colon cancer arise from polyps, individuals do not have an abundant proliferation of polyps as in the abovementioned polyposis syndromes. The polyps that are found in family members have an extraordinarily high likelihood of progressing to cancer. Prevention   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The large body of evidence shows that it is feasible to prevent colon cancer. In their study, Emmons et al. (2005) approximate that a significant fraction of the colon cancer risk in the middle-aged men in the United States might be avoidable with optimal common lifestyle and dietary behaviors. National recommendations and clinical practice and for adult men and women in the US already promoted the following for the prevention of cancer in general, and colon cancer in particular: controlling of obesity, quitting smoking, limiting alcohol intake, increasing physical activity, consuming more fruits and vegetables and diets that are low in saturated fat (American Cancer Society, 1996). The following prevention practices are specifically aimed at middle aged (30-50 years) American men. As mentioned earlier in this paper, there is a higher incidence rate of colon cancer in men than women, and that this age bracket is highly at risk for colon cancer. The focus is the primary prevention of colon cancer by consuming more fruits and vegetables.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The consumption of fruits and vegetables as a measure in preventing colon cancer has been supported in many studies (e.g., Smith-Warner, Genkinger, & Giovannucci, 2006). It was found that for total vegetables, 75% of the results reported in 22 case-control studies suggested that colon cancer risk was reduced by at least 20% for those in the highest compared with the lowest intake category, with 33% of the estimates indicating that the reduction in risk exceeded 50%. For total fruits, the results have been less consistent among 19 case-control studies; 48% of the risk estimates suggested at least a 20% reduction in risk and only 11% showed more than a 50% lower risk for the highest versus the lowest intakes (Kousnik et al., 2007). Furthermore, in an earlier review of 21 case-control and four cohort studies by an international panel, credible evidence was found that vegetable consumption indeed reduces colon cancer risks (World Cancer Research Fund, 1997).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Studies have also suggested that dietary calcium plays a role in protecting against colon cancer; it may do so by binding fatty acids and bile acids and directly inhibiting abnormal growth of colon epithelial cells. Fruits and vegetables are thought to reduce the risk of colon cancer because they have a higher composition of fiber compared to other diets. On the other hand, diets low in fiber and high in fat intake are thought to increase the risk of the cancer. Thus, it is not surprising that, in Africa and Asia, where dietary customs place emphasis on high-fiber, low-fat foods, fruits, and vegetables, people have lower incidence of colon cancer compared to the United States and Europe.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The major explanation for the protective effect of cereal fiber is not known. One of the most convincing theories is that fiber has a dilutional effect on fecal ingredients which may cause development of cancer. It also has an effect on the faster passage of stool through the bowel, thus reducing cell damage and contact time (Adrouny, 2002). In general, however, more recent epidemiologic research has tended not to support the strong influence of fiber in preventing colon cancer; instead, some phytochemicals or micronutrients in foods rich in fiber may be important. Folate is one nutrient that has of late been receiving much attention and is increasingly being studied in randomized intervention trials. Recent research suggests that persons who supplement their diet with at least 800 micrograms of the vitamin folic acid on a daily basis have a reduced incidence of colon cancer (Adrouny, 2002). References    American Cancer Society. (1996). Guidelines on diet, nutrition, and cancer prevention. Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 46, 325-341. Giovannucci, E. (2002). Modifiable risk factors for colon cancer. Gastroenterology Clinic North America, 31, 925-43. Jemal, A., Clegg, L. X., Ward, E., Ries, L. A., Wu, X., Jamison, P. M. et al. (2004). Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975–2001. Cancer, 101, 3–27. Koushik, A., Hunter, D. J., Spiegelman, D., Beeson, W. L., van den Brandt, P. A., Buring, J. E. et al. (2007). Fruits, Vegetables, and Colon Cancer Risk in a Pooled Analysis of 14 Cohort Studies. Journal of National Cancer Institute, 99, 1471-1483. Landis, S.H., Murray, T., Bolden, S., & Wingo, P. A. (1999). Cancer statistics 1999, Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 49, 8–31 Parkin, D. M., Whelan, S. L., Ferlay, J., Raymond, L., &Young, J. (Eds.). (1997), Cancer Incidence in Five Continents. Lyon: IARC Press. Smith-Warner, S. A., Genkinger, J., & Giovannucci, E. (2006). Fruit and vegetable intake and cancer. In D. Heber, G. L. B;ackburn, V. L. Go, & J. Milner (Eds.), Nutritional oncology (97-173). Burlington, MA: Elsevier. World Cancer Research Fund. (2007). Food, nutrition and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective. Washington (DC): American Institute for Cancer Research.   

Irish Drama Essay

In the book â€Å"Blood and Oil: The Dangers and Consequences on America’s Growing Dependence on Imported Petroleum† by Michael T. Klare, he focuses on the growing attention that the natural resource of oil has had and for sometime has been the main focus of just how American foreign policy has been molded to gain, either by force or peace, oil. Klare offers an important look at U. S. national security policy in very turbulent regions of the world where most oil is black gold. The author argues that U. S. foreign and military policy has been increasingly driven by the need to ensure reliable access to foreign oil, especially in the Middle East, and that American foreign oil dependence continues to grow, U. S. forces in increasingly find themselves fighting to defend oil producing regions and supply routes. Klare points out his thesis by documenting the substantial and growing U. S. dependence on foreign oil and the problems it has creat4ed, Klare describes the increasing involvement of the United States in the Middle East since World War II and with the particularly close ties with Saudi Arabia as well as the negative consequences of this involvement has on American security. The authors writes in detail the latest phase of the story by analyzing the energy strategy adopted by the Bush administration in 2001 and how this has only reinforced U. S. dependency on foreign oil with this being especially true in the Persian Golf. Klare goes on to describe the administrations polices toward that region. In chapter five the author discusses the possible prospects for diversifying foreign oil supplies and concluding that this approach offers little hope of reducing U. S. reliance on the Gulf even though it would increase the chances of conflicts in other region. In one description Klare discusses how the U. S. oil dependence may increasingly turn towards conflict with Russia and China. The author summary of what the cost of oil dependency in the final chapter and briefly gives an alternative strategy which would detach our pursuits of energy from security commitments to foreign governments by reducing oil consumption and in the development of alternative energy sources. Michael Klare gives a good argument and shows just what the national security consequences of U. S. foreign oil dependence or consequences that have been overlooked. The theme throughout the book is that American leaders have gone to great lengths to secure oil and has made this a matter of national security to be able to safeguard it through the use of military force. The author well documents his writings with a great number of notes and uses primary sources. The most shocking is the current policies Bush has in place towards the Gulf and how Bush has a very detailed strategy for the American domination of the Persian Gulf for gaining great amounts of oil. This strategy has three goals; the first is the stability of Saudi Arabia, the second was removal of Saddam Hussein and to replace him with a stable government that could give more output for oil and finally pushing Iran for a more stable leadership change. As the lust for oil increases an increase of military response will be seen as a necessary and just cause for wars. Reference: Klare, M. T. (2004). Blood and oil: The dangers and consequences of America’s growing dependency on imported petroleum. New York: Henry Holt.

HMS Venturer Sinks U-864 - World War II Submarines HMS Venturer and U-864 -

HMS Venturer Sinks U-864 - World War II Submarines HMS Venturer and U-864 - Conflict: The engagement between HMS Venturer and U-864 took place during World War II. Date: Lt. Jimmy Launders and HMS Venturer sank U-864 on February 9, 1945. Ships Commanders: British Lieutenant Jimmy LaundersHMS Venturer (V-Class Submarine)37 men Germans Korvettenkapitn Ralf-Reimar Wolfram U-864 (Type IX U-boat)73 men Battle Summary: In late 1944, U-864 was dispatched from Germany under the command of Korvettenkapitn Ralf-Reimar Wolfram to take part in Operation Caesar. This mission called for the submarine to transport advanced technology, such as Me-262 jet fighter parts and V-2 missile guidance systems, to Japan for use against American forces. Also on board was 65 tons of mercury which was needed for the production of detonators. While passing through the Kiel Canal, U-864 grounded damaging its hull. To address this issue, Wolfram sailed north to the U-boat pens at Bergen, Norway. On January 12, 1945, while U-864 was undergoing repairs, the pens were attacked by British bombers further delaying the submarines departure. With repairs complete, Wolfram finally sailed in early February. In Britain, code breakers at Bletchley Park were alerted to U-864s mission and location through Enigma radio intercepts. To prevent the German boat from completing its mission, the Admiralty diverted the fast attack submarine, HMS Venturer to search for U-864 in the area of Fedje, Norway. Commanded by rising star Lieutenant James Launders, HMS Venturer had recently departed its base at Lerwick. On February 6, Wolfram passed Fedje the area however issues soon began to arise with one of U-864s engines. Despite the repairs at Bergen, one of the engines began to misfire, greatly increasing the noise the submarine produced. Radioing Bergen that they would be returning to port, Wolfram was told that an escort would be waiting for them at Hellisoy on the 10th. Arriving in the Fedje area, Launders made a calculated decision to turn off Venturers ASDIC (an advanced sonar) system. While use of the ASDIC would make locating U-864 easier, it risked giving away Venturers position. Relying solely on Venturers hydrophone, Launders began searching the waters around Fedje. On February 9, Venturers hydrophone operator detected an unidentified noise that sounded like a diesel engine. After tracking the sound, Venturer approached and raised its periscope. Surveying the horizon, Launders spotted another periscope. Lowering Venturers, Launders correctly guessed that the other periscope belonged to his quarry. Slowly following U-864, Launders planned to attack the German u-boat when it surfaced. As Venturer stalked U-864 it became clear that it had been detected as the German began following an evasive zigzag course. After pursuing Wolfram for three hours, and with Bergen approaching, Launders decided that he needed to act. Anticipating U-864s course, Launders and his men computed a firing solution in three dimensions. While this type of calculation had been practiced in theory, it had never been attempted at sea in combat conditions. With this work done, Launders fired all four of Venturers torpedoes, at varying depths, with 17.5 seconds between each. After firing the last torpedo, Venturer dove quickly to prevent any counterattack. Hearing the torpedoes approach, Wolfram ordered U-864 to dive deeper and turn to avoid them. While U-864 successfully evaded the first three, the fourth torpedo struck the submarine, sinking it with all hands. Aftermath: The loss of U-864 cost the Kriegsmarine the U-boats entire 73-man crew as well as the vessel. For his actions off Fedje, Launders was awarded a bar for his Distinguished Service Order. HMS Venturers fight with U-864 is the only known, publicly acknowledged battle where one submerged submarine sank another.

Stereotypes of Latinos in Television and Film

Stereotypes of Latinos in Television and Film Latinos may now be the largest racial minority in the United States, but their rise in numbers hasn’t necessarily made it easier for them to challenge stereotypes. Racial stereotypes about Latinos abound in television and film. This overview of the most common Hispanic stereotypes portrayed in the media- from maids to gangbangers- reveals why sweeping generalizations about Latinos are harmful.​ All Maids All the Time In the earlier days of television and film, African Americans were the racial group most likely to portray domestic workers. Black housekeepers played key roles in television sitcoms such as 1950’s â€Å"Beulah† and films such as 1939’s â€Å"Gone With The Wind.† By the 1980s, however, Latinos increasingly replaced blacks as Hollywood’s domestics. The 1987 TV show â€Å"I Married Dora† was even about a man who married his Latina housekeeper to prevent her from being deported. Even megastar Jennifer Lopez played a housekeeper in 2002’s â€Å"Maid in Manhattan,† a romantic comedy reminiscent of the Cinderella fairytale. The late actress Lupe Ontiveros estimated that she played a maid as many as 150 times on screen. In 2009, Ontoveros  told National Public Radio, â€Å"I long to play a judge. I long to play a lesbian woman. I long to play a councilman, someone with some chutzpah.† Latin Lovers Hollywood has a long history of portraying Hispanics and Spaniards as Latin Lovers. Men such as Antonio Banderas, Fernando Lamas, and Ricardo Montalban all starred in a number of roles that perpetuated the idea that Hispanic men are incredibly suave, sexy and skilled in the sheets. The stereotype became so popular that a film called â€Å"Latin Lovers† debuted in 1958. Ricardo Montalban and Lana Turner starred. Tired of being typecast as a Latin Lover, Fernando Lamas, father of actor Lorenzo Lamas, told the Free Lance-Star in 1958 that he wanted to redefine the term. â€Å"A Latin lover shouldn’t be a greasy character,† he said. â€Å"He doesn’t even have to be Latin. But he must be a guy who loves life, and since life includes women, his loves include women. Sometimes he gets a girl and sometimes he gets his face slapped. The most important thing is that he be a real man with problems to solve.† Sexpots While Hispanic men are often reduced to Latin Lovers in television and film, Hispanic women are commonly typecast as sexpots. Rita Hayworth, Raquel Welch, and Carmen Miranda are some of the Latinas in early Hollywood who capitalized on their sexy image. More recently, Eva Longoria played a conniving Latina homemaker who used her looks to advance her agenda in â€Å"Desperate Housewives,† and Sofia Vergara continues to play the role of Gloria Delgado-Pritchett on â€Å"Modern Family,† which many prominent Latinas argue not only fuels the stereotype that Hispanic women are sexy but also loud, crazy and spicy. â€Å"The problem here is that this idea of the curvy, sexy and sultry Latina denies many Latinas their cultural identification based on their physical appearances and sexual attractiveness, alone,† explained Tanisha Ramirez in the Huffington Post. â€Å"In essence, this sort of thinking traps our culture within our bodies, ignoring the values, ethics, and tr aditions that contribute to our sense of culture and community.† Thug Life There has been no shortage of Latinos playing thugs, drug dealers and gangbangers in U.S. films and television shows, especially police dramas. Popular films such as 1992’s â€Å"American Me† and 1993’s â€Å"Mi Vida Loca† chronicled the lives of fictional Hispanic drug kingpins and gangsters. Even the 1961 classic â€Å"West Side Story† centered on the rivalry between a Caucasian gang and a Puerto Rican one. The gangster stereotype aimed at Latinos is particularly harmful, as it gives the public the idea that Hispanics aren’t law-abiding citizens but cholos. Accordingly, they should be feared, shunned and certainly not treated as equals. While some Latinos, just as some whites, find themselves entangled in the criminal justice system, the majority of Hispanics aren’t criminals. They work as lawyers, teachers, pastors, police officers and in a host of other areas. Immigrants Television programs such as â€Å"The George Lopez Show,† â€Å"Desperate Housewives† and â€Å"Ugly Betty† were unique in that they portrayed Latinos as Americans rather than as recent immigrants to the United States. Not only have many Hispanics lived in the United States for several generations but some Hispanics also descend from families that predate the establishment of the present day U.S.-Mexico border. For far too long Hollywood has featured Hispanics speaking heavily accented English in television and in cinema. Lupe Ontiveros told NPR that during auditions casting directors made it clear that they prefer her to play immigrant types. Before auditioning, she’d ask them, â€Å"‘You want an accent?’ And they’d say, ‘Yes, we prefer for you to have an accent.’ And the thicker and more waddly it is, the more they like it. This is what I’m against, really, truly.†

London bombings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

London bombings - Essay Example Fifty six people, 4 of which, the bombers, died in London on 7 July 2006 as a result of coordinated bombings at 3 points in the London underground train network and one double decker bus during the morning rush hour. About 700 were injured from the bombings: 340 at Russel Square; 90 at Aldgate; 163 at Edgware Road and 100 at the bus explosion at Tavistock Place. 350 of whom were treated at the scene and the rest treated at nearby hospitals: Royal London Hospital and St. Mary's Hospital in Paddington. Non-British victims of the bombing include people from Australia, China, Colombia, Israel, New Zealand, Poland, Romania and Sierra Leone ("Casualties of the 7 July 2005 London bombings", 2006).The three bombs at the underground train: Russel Square, Aldgate and Edgware Road exploded at around 8:50 in the morning, with 50 second interval from each other. About an hour later, another bomb exploded in Tavistock Place on a bus. The bombing is said to be the deadliest incident in London since the Second World War and in the whole United Kingdom since the Pan Am Flight 103 incident. It is also the first suicide bombing in Western Europe ("7 July 2005 London bombings", 2006).The British authorities confirmed the identities of the four bombers: Germaine Lindsay, 19; Hasib Hussain, 18; Shehzad Tanweer, 24 and Mohammad Sidique Khan, 30. Among the Bombers, Khan was identified to be the leader and Tanweer, second in command. Their inclusion in the death toll and their participation in the bombing were made certain by forensic evidence taken from the sites of bombing. DNA tests show that the four bombers were near the bomb during the explosions. Forensic evidence also shows the link between Khan, Tanweer and Hussain, and the bomb factory discovered in Alexandra Grove. In addition, the camera footages taken before the attack showed the bombers, each carrying rucksacks of distinctive size. The authorities confirm the possibility that the bombs used in the attack were contained in the rucksacks. Based on the reports gathered from witnesses, two of the bombers were remembered to be fiddling with their rucksacks before the explosions ("Report of the Official Account of the Bombings in London on 7th July 2005", 2006).Twelve thousand statements and 5000 forensically examined exhibits were used to and are still being used to connect situations and give the most detailed account of what happened. On 11 May 2006, an official account of the bombings was released ("Report of the Official Account of the Bombings in London on 7th July 2005", 2006). Initially, prior to the release of the 11 May report, it was theorized that high grade explosives with timed detonators were used by the bombers. The report refuted this theory stating that the bombs used were actually home-made explosives which materials could be very easily obtained. This report also provided a narrative of how the attack took place and a background on each bomber. In summary, the report ascertained that the planning of the London attacks took place after two of the bombers, Khan and Tanweer came back from Pakistan. It was claimed that some Al Qaeda training took place. Immediately after the attack, Al Qaeda claimed responsibility for the attacks in a website operated by the associates of Al Qaeda. According to them, the attacks were done in retaliation for the invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan ("Report of the Official Account of the Bombings in London on 7th July 2005", 2006). The profiles of the bombers detailed in the report illustrate the difficulty in determining who and who are not possible suspects. All the bombers were known to be living seemingly ordinary lives with personalities not indicating any terroristic tendencies: Khan, being a role model for the youth; Tanweer with his friendly nature and modesty; Hussain being shy and quiet and Lindsay, although with possible criminal tendencies, did not exhibit any manifestation of terrorist

Toyota Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Toyota Strategic Management - Essay Example By delivering quality products to customers, the company is able to increase loyalty of the customers towards the brand and this is one of the reasons why the company has large number of satisfied customers around the world (Berger, 2011). Adoption of Innovative strategies and new technology Toyota focuses on innovations and bringing in new technologies to cater customers’ rising needs and to meet customers’ demands (Ghemawat, 2007). Company has analyzed the need of hybrid-cars in United States; therefore coming up with those cars was strategic choice as it has increased customer loyalty and increasing customer value. More focus on HR than before Toyota’s focus on human resource than before has achieved them to come up with more innovative products. Toyota believes in kaizen (continuous learning) has enabled its employees to be more productive than ever before. Toyota takes its employees as an ultimate source to value generation and long-term profit. The company analyzes how important the idea of career development is for employees and makes sure that employees do believe that they have a successful career at Toyota (Latham, Winters, and Locke, 1994). The company also invests in its human resource by providing different kinds of trainings to improve their productivity and this has allowed the company to achieve lower cost in comparison to competing firms like Honda. So Toyota’s more focus to HR has enabled it stay competitive for long-run Honda (Berger, 2011). Optimizing cost by kaizen (High quality with an affordable price, niche) Toyota’s decision to focus on the niche who demands for low priced quality cars and to cater the needs of this segment the Toyota team has come up with high quality automobiles with an affordable price (Steger, 2009). With the Kaizen strategy followed and implemented well at Toyota, the company has been able to manufacture automobiles at a lower cost than other firms including Honda (Berger, 2011). Firm’s decision to focus on CSR Toyota has decided to be more environmental friendly by fulfilling social corporate responsibilities which has allowed them to increase their brand’s image in the eyes of customers and other stake holders. This has helped them to increase their customer base and to meet all environmental obligations (Kotler, Wong, Saunders, and Armstrong, 2005). categorize these choices using Porter's four generic strategies Cost focus Toyota’s focus on training and development to increase skills and abilities of its employees has increased their productivity and reduced damages in the work environment which has allowed Toyota to be more cost-effective. This ensures the adoption of cost focus Porter’s generic strategy by Toyota. Differentiation strategy Toyota’s continuous research to bring in timely innovations to cater customer’s rising needs and desires has allowed them to create a point of difference among other automobile manufactures. This shows implementation of differentiation strategy to increase long-run profits. Market segmentation Toyota has adopted market segmentation strategy by segmenting its target market on the basis of customers’ needs and affordability. SWOT Perspective Well above discussed Porter’s generic strategies have enabled the company to convert its many weaknesses such as cost optimization to its biggest strength, well the above adopted strategies has allowed the Toyota to

Paper about MSC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Paper about MSC - Essay Example This paper will attempt to describe marine science and the recent challenge or challenges the field of study is facing. Marine science is also known as oceanography or oceanology. As the term connotes, it deals with the study of the ocean and involves a variety of topics across several disciplines that can influence processes in the ocean world. There are four branches of the disciplines; namely, biological, chemical, geological, and physical. The first has to do with the interaction of marine organisms with their environment under the seas. Chemical oceanography is the study of the chemical properties of the sea. Knowing this is important because the seas and things in it help in sustaining life on earth. The chemical make-up of anything from the ocean that man comes into contact with will help society understand, for example, its effect on man. Geological oceanography, meanwhile, is that branch which concerns itself with the ocean floor as well as the tectonic plates of the earth. Lastly, physical oceanography studies the physical characteristics of the seas like waves, temperature, currents, tides , etc. Studying the ocean and all that is in it is not a new discipline. As mentioned in the introduction, humans were already exposed to the seas and oceans in prehistoric times although the observations were mostly for purposes of map making and fishing. Proponents include Juan Ponce de Leon and Benjamin Franklin who were responsible for identifying and naming, respectively, the Gulf Stream. Written accounts of their sea travels serve as information from explorers like James Cook, Louis Antoine de Bougainville, James Rennell, Sir James Clark Ross, Charles Darwin, Robert FitzRoy and Matthew Fontaine Maury and have helped in enriching the knowledge base about the ocean and marine life. The contributions of these explorers have enabled oceanographers after them to prepare properly for

To Kill A Mocking Bird Movie Review Essay Example for Free

To Kill A Mocking Bird Movie Review Essay The movie, â€Å"To Kill A Mocking Bird,† is the story told through the perspective of Scout Finch, an aggressive 6-year old girl, about the many cases of injustice and prejudice plaguing Maycomb, Alabama in 1932. Scout, along with his older brother Jem, and their friend Dill, are intrigued by their solitary neighbor, Boo Radley. Although there were times that Boo left presents for them outside his house, they were still unable to see him in person. Meanwhile, Atticus, Scout and Jem’s widowed father, a lawyer is designated to defend, Tom Robinson, a black man accused of raping a white woman named Mayella Ewell. Although Atticus does his best to establish the innocence of Tom and to prove that his accusers Mayella and her drunken father, Bob Ewell, are lying, the jury, composed of white men and women, convicts him. Subsequently, Tom is killed while trying to escape prison. After being humiliated during the trial, Bob vowed revenge on Atticus. He attacks his defenseless children, Scout and Jem, but the two are rescued by a mysterious man who is later found out to be the reclusive Boo Radley.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Generally, the setting is highly realistic and captures the true essence of the injustice and prejudice during that time. The main casts namely, Mary Badham (Scout), Philip Alford (Jem), John Megna (Dill), Brock Peters (Tom Robinson), Gregory Peck (Atticus), and Robert Duval (Boo Radley),   fleshed out their roles perfectly. Their acting, coupled with their well-designed costumes, significantly gave the movie a realistic touch.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The cinematography, done by Russell Harlan, provided great angular shots in the movie, particularly in scenes where there is suspense and action. The lighting was also well-done as it blended well with the camera shots and angles done in the movie. In short, the cinematography greatly complemented the good acting and excellent setting of the movie.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Finally, the music, which was produced by Elmer Bernstein, added further to the greatness of the movie, as it featured tracks that were very appropriate for every scene. Over-all, â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird,† was a highly memorable movie mainly driven by exceptional acting. All of its elements worked harmoniously to produce an exceptional film that is truly one for the ages.

The Conscience of Dorian Gray in Oscar Wildes The Picture of Dorian Gr

The Conscience of Dorian Gray in Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray Much of the criticism regarding The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde has dealt with Dorian Gray’s relation to his own portrait (Raby 392). While some may argue that the portrait represents a reflection of Dorian Gray’s character, this is only a superficial analysis of the novel and Dorian’s character. While Dorian Gray’s true character never changes, it is his own perception of his character (his conscience) that is reflected in the changing face of his portrait. In essence Dorian’s picture becomes a mirror through which the "true Dorian" judges his own metamorphasis as the superficial "Lord Henry Dorian" attempts to embrace Lord Henry’s teachings. Dorian’s duality of character causes a constant internal struggle within him, ultimately culminating in his own suicide. Initially, Lord Henry’s doctrine of "new Hedonism" contrasts sharply with Dorian’s youthful innocence and passions. These initial feelings are the reader’s first and clearest experience with the soon to be repressed "true Dorian." The terminology, however, does not imply that Dorian has never been influenced before. This unblemished character simply represents Dorian’s self at the start of the novel, a state which he accepts as his own and is able to find peace in. From this first conversation, Dorian’s peace begins shatter when he learns of Lord Henry’s philosophy and its implications for his own life. Dorian is described as a "brainless, beautiful creature" (3), appropriate since all Dorian has at this stage in the novel is his own initial, untainted feelings. Thus this "pre-Henry" stage is the only time in the novel at which Dorian expresses his "true self" outwardly. This "brai... ...he Picture of Dorian Gray: A Norton Critical Edition. Ed. Lawler, Donald L. (1988). 405-412. Raby, Peter. Oscar Wilde. (1980): 164. Rpt. in Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism. Ed. DiMauro, Laurie. Vol. 41. Detroit: Gale, 1991. 392-397. Spivey, Ted R. "Oscar Wilde and the Tragedy of Symbolism." The Journey Beyond Tragedy. (1980): 57-71. Rpt. in Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism. Ed. DiMauro, Laurie. Vol. 41. Detroit: Gale, 1991. 501-502. Summers, Claude J. "In Such Surrender There May Be Gain’: Oscar Wilde and the Beginnings of Gay Fiction." Gay Fictions: Wilde to Stonewall, Studies in a Male Homosexual Literary Tradition. (1990): 29-61. Rpt. in Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism. Ed. DiMauro, Laurie. Vol. 41. Detroit: Gale, 1991. 398-401. Wilde, Oscar. The Picture of Dorian Gray: Oxford World’s Classics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Matters of Life and Death Essay

This case surrounds the controversy brought about by the Arizona state legislature defunding life-saving organ transplant operations. In 1987, the Arizona state legislature voted to eliminate funding for most organ transplants for the indigent through the Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System (AHCCCS). At the same time of this decision, the legislature voted to extend health coverage to pregnant women and children in a â€Å"notch group.† The public controversy began when Dianna Brown died after being denied coverage for a liver transplant that would have saved her life. After her death, there was wide spread coverage of the issue that brought the defunding of certain organ transplants into the national spotlight. The decision to move funds for the poor to mothers and children rather than to life-saving transplant services put the legislature under scrutiny. This case presents that scrutiny and the legislature’s reasoning behind their decision. III. Required Methods In order to complete this analysis, I will have to deal with issues dealing with cost/benefit thinking in a context of fairness dealing with medical procedures. I will need to look at whether or not moving funding from transplants to mothers and children did something financially astute for the state of Arizona or if this is a case of mismanagement by the government. I will also have to deal with the issues of limited public resources, growing costs of medical technology, and diminished control of medical services. IV. Analysis Question 1: Was the Arizona legislature right in deciding not to fund certain kinds of organ transplants for indigents under the state’s indigent health care program? I believe that the Arizona legislature was not right in their decision to not fund certain kinds of organ transplants. In this case, there are several issues that arise including the concepts of distributive justice, cost-benefit analyses, and the role of government in society. The fact that the legislature looked at the increased number of organ transplants and the growing costs associated with them and compared them to another development in the state’s health care system does not seem fair. By defunding the organ transplantation services, they took away the right to choose from individuals in life threatening situations. With costs being a driving factor behind this decision, it was questioned whether the state should be spending so much on high risk, high cost procedures. In the case, there was an excerpt that explained the money-making aspect of the health care system. â€Å"If it was a pure concern about the medical needs out there, we’d have far more burn units than we have transplant units. The reality is they make money on those units.† I do not believe this is how the health care system sh ould be run. Whether it is political or judicial pressure, there is too much political influence in the health industry. There is the argument of transplantation services being more readily available to those with money and political connections, but I feel that policy should be able to set specific guidelines by which all of this can be overridden. I understand the fact that if you are to make exceptions in certain cases you are starting down a slippery slope and that initially, the decision to either have transplant services or to do away with them completely was somewhat justified. Further, the decision to fund only the most cost-effective services was also justified. Everyone had a fair shot at services if they needed them. When services began being compared to each other is where I have a problem. There is no way to justify comparing deliveries to transplants. In one analysis, Shaller compared the costs on society from a bad child to a transplant. In the end he came up with the fact that the cost of 8 heart transplants would cover 700 deliveries. He said â€Å"in public program, that has the widest range of responsibilities, and limited resources to handle those responsibilities, I think it’s unacceptable to use those limited resources in a way that really doesn’t further the public good.† I can agree with this statement but still do not feel that the personal health choices that can save an individual’s life should be left in the hand of a capitalistic government. In rebuttal to the governmental policies and financial analysis, Dr. Copeland argued that even if the AHCCCS were to deny funding to transplants, the health care system would still end up incurring costs associated with hospital costs till death as well as social security benefits to the families of patients who die without receiving a transplant. Also, he mentioned that Medicare would soon approve his transplant center as one of the 10 in the country to be covered. This came under much scrutiny and in the end a compromise was reached to look at each by a case-to-case basis. After the drama surrounding Diana Brown’s death, it was the opinion of the Arizona legislature that it would make the decision that would most benefit the residents of Arizona. In the end, â€Å"the public generally is not willing to, say, double the taxes in this state to insurance that everyone got the maximum possible health care.† While the decision may have had justifications by the state legislature, completely defunding organ transplantation services takes away the rights of patients and makes it so that health care is a privilege. I do not believe this is how health care should be. With so many changes being discussed simultaneously, this issue seems to have slipped through the cracks and caused unnecessary deaths to patients who had their right to life-prolonging health coverage denied in order to fund a â€Å"notch group† that had household incomes higher than the AHCCCS maximum but were below the official federal poverty line. This does not seem ‘fair’. In the end this case asks many ethical questions dealing with fairness and equality as well as whether access to health care is a right or a privilege. Question 2: On what principles do you position in the answer to question 1? (As an example, do you consider health care a right, and if so, why?) I believe that health care is indeed a right. Especially in a country like the United States where health providers and insurance companies are big business and make huge profits each year while millions may suffer from their lack of coverage or inability to pay. In the US, healthcare providers charge premiums on insurance. Whether or not they chose to cover a condition is largely up to them and in the past few years, insurance companies have tripled their profits. â€Å"According to the World Health Organization and the Physicians for a National Health Program, the United States spends twice as much per capita on healthcare compared to other countries such as Canada, Britain & Germany, who have universal healthcare.† According to statistics, in other countries with universal healthcare, there is less bankruptcy and better economies. I believe that there is too much political and outside influence in health care and that the industry is more of a money machine than anything. With the economy in a slump and an exceedingly large population not being able to afford health insurance, I believe that those individuals have a constitutional right to receive care that will prolong life. Laws regulating health care serve to benefit the population, not punish it. With so many gaps in the system nowadays, the ACA being upheld shows that the government believes that everyone should have equal access to healthcare. Providing health care to all benefits society by providing those with an opportunity to normally operate in society and benefit society through work, social, or economic aspects. Question 3: What roles do economic and financial analyses play in your position on the state’s responsibilities? While the state has a job to provide care to its citizens, it is also obligated to maintain financial stability within the state and contribute to its infrastructure. A cost-benefit analyses of moving funding from organ transplantation services to the â€Å"notch group† of pregnant women and children shows that while looking at services offered, the state will be able to control their overall costs. In situations like this where the healthcare system is often viewed as a money machine, it is almost impossible to overlook the exceedingly high costs of transplants. In one analysis, Shaller compared the costs on society from a bad child to a transplant. In the end he came up with the fact that the cost of 8 heart transplants would cover 700 deliveries. He said â€Å"in public program, that has the widest range of responsibilities, and limited resources to handle those responsibilities, I think it’s unacceptable to use those limited resources in a way that really doesnâ₠¬â„¢t further the public good.† While this analysis has many problems with it, the financial and economic implications are exactly what a business would want. By cutting, the high-risk, high-cost procedures, the state would be able to begin making money from the health care system. While I can understand the business aspect of health care and understand that economic and financial analyses play a large role in allocating resources and money towards services, I still feel strongly that healthcare is a right, not a privilege. The state has a responsibility to maintain financial stability. In this case, stability was enhanced by cutting services to transplants and focusing on individuals that would be able to give back to society over a longer period of time. Question 4: How does the analysis of this case inform your position in the current debate about health care reform? This case has made me think of the question can medical services ever be rationed fairly. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) which was recently passes should accomplish a lot of good for the greater portion of the population. It will not only reduce the number of uninsured but also protect those at risk of losing coverage. Additionally, the ACA aims to reduce health care spending and reduce costs for patients. This plan will not only extend coverage to those that may not be able to afford coverage, but will also aim to try and cut costs for the health care industry. This is a fusion of two of the debated points in this case. In the case, we looked at cutting funding from one service in order to provide services for another set of the population. The ACA aims to try and provide services and coverage for all. Overall, there are many questions that this c ase made me think of regarding the Affordable Care Act. I was not fully aware of the health industry being a big money business and how much of a part politics played in it. Additionally, the case opened my eyes to the fact that no matter what is done, not everyone is going to be satisfied or comply with the new policies. There are always specific cases that will cause questions to be asked, but if exceptions are made, then there will have to be exceptions in every similar case. The current debate about health reform addressed these questions and now that the ACA will remain in effect, it is still to be seen the impact that this makes on not only the economy, but also how it affects the rights of Americans to utilize healthcare. V. Recommendations After reading through this case and thinking about the financial issues presented in the case, I understand the financial and economic issues that have to be addressed while also considering providing the best care for the greatest number of people. In order to decide cutting services, this case addressed governmental policy that may cause unfavorable health decisions to pass in order to remain financially stable. In the end, I believe that health care is a right, not a privilege and the decision to life or death should never be put in the hands of a third party or up to money. The right to decisions about life and death should not come down to how much money you have, but should be a human right that is extended to those in need. VI. References HHS Gov. â€Å"Through the Affordable Care Act, Americans with Medicare will save $5,000 through 2022.† United States Department of Health and Human Services. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. â€Å"The Health Care Law & You | HealthCare.gov.† Home | HealthCare.gov. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. < http://www.healthcare.gov/law/index.html> Houseman, Michael . â€Å"The Health Care Law & You | HealthCare.gov.† Home | HealthCare.gov. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. VII. Lessons Learned I enjoyed doing this case report as it dealt with many issues outside of finance as well as important financial issues. In order to complete this analysis, I had to deal with issues dealing with cost/benefit thinking in a context of fairness dealing with medical procedures. I looked at whether or not moving funding from transplants to mothers and children did something financially astute for the state of Arizona or if this is a case of mismanagement by the government. I also dealt with the issues of limited public resources, growing costs of medical technology, and diminished control of medical services. In the end it was a decision that would have to either be based on financial considerations, ethical considerations, or a mix of both. A lot of the issues in this case have also been discussed in my public health ethics class this semester, so this case allowed me to utilize knowledge from other classes along with new financial concepts in order to do my analysis. Whether it is fairness or equality or even cost-effectiveness, there are problems that arise with each approach when used alone. From a financial standpoint, using cost effectiveness analysis is very important in determining social policy matters even with its downfall that it cannot suggest how priorities are set. I would have liked to deal with some numbers associated with cost-benefit analysis just to see how they were done but I was able to understand the basic principles behind the theory through my analysis on this case.

Workforce Education

Author Note Heartfelt thanks to Dr. Terre Eversden to have given me an opportunity to present a paper on the Adult Educational Philosophies – Benefits and Challenges & their involvement in real life scenarios or the environment we live in. The paper captures the benefits, challenges and example to each Adult Education Philosophy i. e. Liberal, Behavioral, Humanistic and Progressive. Abstract An adult education philosophy, or philosophical orientation, is the categorization of an individual's beliefs, values, and attitudes toward adult education and what the purpose and outcome of adult education should be.In this paper, I shall discuss of Liberal Educational Philosophy, Behaviorist Educational Philosophy, Progressive Educational Philosophy, Humanistic Educational Philosophy and finally Radical Humanistic Philosophy. These are the Adult Educational Philosophies. Benefits and Challenges of each of these philosophies shall be discussed in brief. Keywords: liberal, behaviorist, pr ogressive, humanistic, radical, educational, philosophy Liberal Educational PhilosophyThe liberal adult education philosophy stresses the development of intellectual powers. Liberals always seek knowledge. They work to transmit knowledge and clearly direct learning. The educator is the â€Å"expert†, and directs the learning process with complete authority. Learning methods used include lecture, study groups, and discussion. Socrates, Plato, and Piaget were practitioners of the liberal philosophy. (Note: Liberal adult education does not refer to liberal political views; it is related to Liberal Arts. ).According to liberal adult education, â€Å"the educated person possesses the four components of a liberal education: rational or intellectual education which involves wisdom, moral values, a spiritual or religious dimension, and an aesthetic sense† (Elias & Merriam, 1995, p. 26). Liberal adult education emphasizes liberal learning, organized knowledge, and the developme nt of the intellectual powers of the mind. It also stresses philosophy, religion, and the humanities over science. The teacher is given a prominent place within this philosophy, and must be well-versed in many intellectual interests.Liberal adult education employs heavy promotion of theoretical thinking. This philosophy is suited for adult learners because it requires life experience in order to fully gain from the reflection and contemplation involved in liberal education's goals. To illustrate the significance of this philosophy, Elias and Merriam (1995) write: As long as the human person does these things [searches for truth, desires to develop their moral character, strives for spiritual and religious visions, and seeks the beautiful in life and nature], the liberal tradition in education will be a potent force.  (p. 42).The negatives of liberal approach are not everyone is critical thinkers and problem solvers and their opinions can be swayed by others. Example: A liberal cla ssroom setting is a more traditional environment. In the classroom you my just have a lecture or even break students or adults into study groups to help each other out. Another option is critical reading and discussion. This approach allows students to free themselves from past experience. They are able to prepare themselves for diversity and change. It teacher teaches them to be critical thinkers and problem solvers.Behaviorist Educational Philosophy A major tenet of behaviorism is the belief that â€Å"all human behavior is the result of a person's prior conditioning and is determined by external forces in the environment over which a person has little or no control† (Elias and Merriam, 1995, p. 79). Because behaviorism fundamentally aims toward individual and societal survival, emphasis is put on skill acquisition and learning how to learn. Thus, the teacher must create an environment that is optimal for bringing about behavior that ensures survival.The behaviorist adult e ducation philosophy emphasizes the importance of the environment in shaping the learner. The traits of the behaviorist teacher are close to those of the liberal, in that the behaviorist â€Å"manages† the learning process and directs learning. Behaviorist concepts include mastery learning and standards-based education. Some teaching methods used by behaviorist educators include programmed instruction, contract learning, and computer guided instruction. Learners are active and able to demonstrate a measurable, learned behavior.Accountability is an important concept in behaviorism and punctuates that teachers and learners are both accountable for successful learning. Behaviorism is strong in setting clearly defined purposes, learning objectives, and in selecting experiences that work toward those purposes and objectives. Evaluation is valued in assessing the attainment of the behaviors being taught. Vocational training and teacher certifications are both behaviorist practices. Skinner, Thorndike, and Steinberg were believers in the behaviorist philosophical tenet.Example: A good example of Behaviorist is a coach. If a coach tells you what to do then you have to do it, otherwise you won’t get to play. You must practice the task on hand in order to be successful just like in sports. The teacher has to be a manager who directs the learner outcomes and design the environment. Many teachers must be competency-based teacher. Competency-based focuses on outcomes and has a certain curriculum that teachers have to follow to get the outcome that they want. Progressive Educational PhilosophyThe power of progressivism runs deep in American adult education, as stressed by Elias and Merriam (1995): â€Å"Progressivism has had a greater impact upon the adult 14 education movement in the United States than any other single school of thought† (p. 45). The progressive philosophy of adult education stresses an experiential, problem-solving approach to learning . Like behaviorism, progressivism sees the goal of education being individual and societal. However, the goal of progressive education is improvement rather than survival, which is achieved through liberating the learner.There are five basic principles of adult progressive education. The first is a broadened view or concept of education, meaning that education is not restricted to formal, classroom instruction but is a lifelong process influenced by many sectors of society and daily life. The second principle is a new focus on the learner and the potential of that person to learn more than his or her immediate interests. The third principle is the introduction of new instructional methodologies.Diversifying these teaching methods in turn diversified learner knowledge gained by learning from those methods. The fourth principle is a new teacher-learner relationship that is interactive and reciprocal. The fifth principle is that education is an instrument for preparing learners to chan ge society. Learners of this philosophy need problem solving skills and practical knowledge. They learn by doing, inquiring, being involved in the community, and responding to problems. Teaching methods used in this philosophy include problem solving, the scientific method, and cooperative learning.The educator is an organizer who guides learning instead of directing learning and evaluates the learning process. Progressive proponents include Spencer, Dewey, and Lindeman Example: Progressive setting is showing someone how to frame a wall while constructing a house and then watching them do it themselves. Progressive is showing someone how to do something and then they do it while you guide them through the task. Training and Development in present organizations follow such type of education. Humanistic Educational PhilosophyHumanistic education aims at the development of people who are open to change and continued learning, people who strive for self-actualization, and people who can live together as fully-functioning individuals. The humanistic philosophy of adult education follows some basic principles such as the following: human nature is naturally good; freedom and autonomy influence behavior; individuality and potentiality are unlimited and should be nurtured; self-concept leads to self-actualization; perception of the world explains behavior; and individuals have a responsibility to humanity.Foundations of humanistic education lie in the following: the notion of self-concept; that the adult defines himself in terms of the accumulation of a unique set of life experiences; that an adult's readiness to learn is linked to developmental tasks unique to a stage in life; and that adults desire an immediate application of knowledge. The humanistic adult education philosophy seeks to facilitate personal growth and development. Humanists are highly motivated and self-directed learners; responsibility to learn is assumed by the learner. The humanist educator facili tates learning but does not direct learning.According to Elias and Merriam (1995), â€Å"Humanistic adult educators are concerned with the development of the whole person with a special emphasis upon the emotional and affective dimensions of the personality† (p. 109). The educator and learner are â€Å"partners. † Concepts that define the humanistic philosophy include experiential learning, individuality, self-directedness, and self-actualization. Humanistic teaching methods contain group discussion, team teaching, individualized learning, and the discovery method. Rogers, Maslow, Knowles, and McKenzie are facilitators of the humanistic philosophy.The challenge is as this concentrates on people’s natural desire to learn, the teacher is a facilitator and students relate to past experience with this approach; however, if there isn’t mutual respect between the students and teacher this method will probably fail. Radical Educational Philosophy The radical adu lt education philosophy promotes extreme social, political, and economic change through education. Radical education does not work within existing social norms or structures, but strives to change those structures. Within this philosophy, the educator and learner are equal partners in the learning process.The educator is the coordinator of the class and makes suggestions but does not direct the learning process. This philosophy embraces concepts such as noncompulsory learning and deschooling. Exposure to the media and people in real life situations are considered effective teaching methods. Holt, Freire, and Illich are proponents of the radical adult education philosophy. Radicalism falls outside the realm on mainstream adult education philosophy, mainly because the purposes of many adult education activities are not parallel with the purposes of radical adult education. Identification of Adult Education Philosophical Orientation